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خود کو قرآن مجید میں ڈھونڈیں. انتہائی​ دلچسپ اور سبق آموز

ميں قرآن ميں کہاں ہوں ؟
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ایک جليل القدر تابعی اور عرب سردار احنف بن قيس ايک دن بيٹھے ہوئے تھے کہ کسی نے يہ آيت پڑھی

لَقَدْ أَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ كِتَابًا فِيهِ ذِكْرُكُمْ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ (سورۃ انبياء 10)
(ترجمہ) ”ہم نے تمہاری طرف ايسی کتاب نازل کی جس ميں تمہارا تذکرہ ہے، کيا تم نہيں سمجھتے ہو“۔

وہ چونک پڑے اور کہا کہ ذرا قرآن مجيد تو لاؤ۔ اس ميں، ميں اپنا تذکرہ تلاش کروں، اور ديکھوں کہ ميں کن لوگوں کے ساتھ ہوں، اور کن سے مجھے مشابہت ہے؟

انہوں نے قرآن مجيد کھولا، کچھ لوگوں کے پاس سے ان کا گزر ہوا، جن کی تعريف يہ کی گئی تھی

كَانُوا قَلِيلًا مِّنَ اللَّيْلِ مَا يَهْجَعُونَ o وَبِالْأَسْحَارِ هُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ o وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِّلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ ِ (الذريٰت-17،18،19)
(ترجمہ) ”رات کے تھوڑے حصے ميں سوتے تھے، اور اوقات سحر ميں بخشش مانگا کرتے تھے، اور ان کے مال ميں مانگنے والے اور نہ مانگنے والے (دونوں) کا حق ہوتا تھا“۔

کچھ اور لوگ نظر آئے جن کا حال يہ تھا،
تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمْ عَنِ الْمَضَاجِعِ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ (السجدہ۔ 16)
(ترجمہ) ”ان کے پہلو بچھونوں سے الگ رہتے ہيں (اور) وہ اپنے پروردگار کو خوف اور اُميد سے پکارتے ہيں۔ اور جو (مال) ہم نے ان کو ديا ہے، اس ميں سے خرچ کرتے ہيں“۔

کچھ اور لوگ نظر آئے جن کا حال يہ تھا،
وَالَّذِينَ يَبِيتُونَ لِرَبِّهِمْ سُجَّدًا وَقِيَامًا (الفرقان۔ 64)
(ترجمہ) ”اور جو اپنے پروردگار کے آگے سجدہ کرکے اور (عجز وادب سے) کھڑے رہ کر راتيں بسر کرتے ہيں“۔

اور کچھ لوگ نظر آئے جن کا تذکرہ اِن الفاظ ميں ہے،
الَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ فِي السَّرَّاء وَالضَّرَّاء وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَاللّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (اٰل عمران۔ 134)
(ترجمہ) ”جو آسودگی اور تنگی ميں (اپنا مال خدا کي راہ ميں) خرچ کرتے ہيں، اور غصہ کو روکتے اور لوگوں کے قصور معاف کرتے ہيں، اور خدا نيکو کاروں کو دوست رکھتا ہے“۔

اور کچھ لوگ ملے جن کی حالت يہ تھی،
وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (الحشر۔ 9)
(ترجمہ) ”(اور) دوسروں کو اپنی جانوں سے مقدم رکھتے ہيں خواہ ان کو خود احتياج ہی ہو، اور جو شخص حرص نفس سے بچا ليا گيا تو ايسے ہی لوگ مُراد پانے والے ہوتے ہيں“۔

اور کچھ لوگوں کی زيارت ہوئی جن کے اخلاق يہ تھے،
وَالَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ وَإِذَا مَا غَضِبُوا هُمْ يَغْفِرُونَ (الشوريٰ۔ 37)
(ترجمہ) ”اور جو بڑے بڑے گناہوں اور بے حيائی کی باتوں سے پرہيز کرتے ہيں، اور جب غصہ آتا ہے تو معاف کر ديتے ہيں“۔
اور کچھ کا ذکر یوں تھا،
وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَى بَيْنَهُمْ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ (الشوريٰ۔ 38)
(ترجمہ) ”اور جو اپنے پروردگار کا فرمان قبول کرتے ہيں اور نماز پڑھتے ہيں، اور اپنے کام آپس کے مشورہ سے کرتے ہيں اور جو مال ہم نے ان کو عطا فرمايا ہے اس ميں سے خرچ کرتے ہيں“۔

وہ يہاں پہنچ کر ٹھٹک کر رہ گئے، اور کہا : اے اللہ ميں اپنے حال سے واقف ہوں، ميں تو ان لوگوں ميں کہیں نظر نہيں آتا!

پھر انہوں نے ايک دوسرا راستہ ليا، اب ان کو کچھ لوگ نظر آئے، جن کا حال يہ تھا،

إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ o وَيَقُولُونَ أَئِنَّا لَتَارِكُوا آلِهَتِنَا لِشَاعِرٍ مَّجْنُونٍ (سورہ صافات۔ 35،36)
(ترجمہ) ”ان کا يہ حال تھا کہ جب ان سے کہا جاتا تھا کہ خدا کے سوا کوئي معبود نہيں تو غرور کرتے تھے، اور کہتے تھے، کہ بھلا ہم ايک ديوانہ شاعر کے کہنے سے کہيں اپنے معبودوں کو چھوڑ دينے والے ہيں؟

پھر اُن لوگوں کا سامنا ہوا جن کی حالت يہ تھی،
وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ اشْمَأَزَّتْ قُلُوبُ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ الَّذِينَ مِن دُونِهِ إِذَا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ (الزمر۔45)
(ترجمہ) ”اور جب تنہا خدا کا ذکر کيا جاتا ہے تو جو لوگ آخرت پر ايمان نہيں رکھتے انکے دل منقبض ہو جاتے ہيں، اور جب اس کے سوا اوروں کا ذکر کيا جاتا ہے تو اُن کے چہرے کھل اُٹھتے ہيں“۔

کچھ اور لوگوں کے پاس سے گزر ہوا جن سے جب پوچھا گيا،
مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِي سَقَرَ o قَالُوا لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ o وَلَمْ نَكُ نُطْعِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ o وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ الْخَائِضِينَ oوَكُنَّا نُكَذِّبُ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ o حَتَّى أَتَانَا الْيَقِينُ (المدثر۔ 47-42)
(ترجمہ) ”کہ تم دوزخ ميں کيوں پڑے؟ وہ جواب ديں گے کہ ہم نماز نہيں پڑھتے تھے اور نہ فقيروں کو کھانا کھلاتے تھے اور ہم جھوٹ سچ باتيں بنانے والوں کے ساتھ باتيں بنايا کرتے اور روز جزا کو جھوٹ قرار ديتے تھے، يہاں تک کہ ہميں اس يقيني چيز سے سابقہ پيش آگيا“۔

يہاں بھی پہنچ کر وہ تھوڑی دير کے لئے دم بخود کھڑے رہے۔ پھر کانوں پر ہاتھ رکھ کر کہا: اے اللہ! ان لوگوں سے تيری پناہ! ميں ان لوگوں سےبری ہوں۔

اب وہ قرآن مجيد کے اوراق کو ا لٹ رہے تھے، اور اپنا تذکرہ تلاش کر رہے تھے، يہاں تک کہ اس آيت پر جا کر ٹھہرے:
وَآخَرُونَ اعْتَرَفُواْ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ خَلَطُواْ عَمَلاً صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا عَسَى اللّهُ أَن يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (التوبہ۔ 102)
(ترجمہ) ”اور کچھ اور لوگ ہيں جن کو اپنے گناہوں کا (صاف) اقرار ہے، انہوں نے اچھے اور برے عملوں کو ملا جلا ديا تھا قريب ہے کہ خدا ان پرمہربانی سے توجہ فرمائے، بے شک خدا بخشنے والا مہربان ہے“۔

اس موقع پر اُن کی زبان سے بے ساختہ نکلا، ہاں ہاں! يہ بے شک ميرا حال ہے !!

تو ہم کن لوگوں میں سے ہیں..؟؟؟
سوچئے گا !!

Who Is Imam Mahdi A.S?

Note: Please do not confuse Imam Mahdi with Hadhrat Isa (Jesus) Alayhis Salaam. They are two different persons, and both will come during the last days. According to Hadeeth, Imam Mahdi will appear first, and Hadhrat Isa (A.S.) will appear during Imam Mahdi's lifetime. Furthermore, only Hadhrat Isa (A.S.) will be able to kill Dajjal (the "anti-Christ").
The term "MAHDI" is a title meaning "The Guided one".
Hadhrat Abdullah bin Mas'ood (R.A.) says that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, "This world will not come to an end until one person from my progeny does not rule over the Arabs, and his name will be the same as my name." (Tirmidhi)
Hadhrat Ali (R.A.) narrates that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, "Even if only a day remains for Qiyamah to come, yet Allah will surely send a man from my family who will fill this world with such justice and fairness, just as it initally was filled with oppression." (Abu Dawood)
His Features
Hadhrat Abu Saeed Khudri (R.A.) relates that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, "Al Mahdi will be from my progeny. His forehead will be broad and his nose will be high. He will fill the world with justice and fairness at a time when the world will be filled with oppression. He will rule for seven years."
Other ahadeeth inform us that:
* He will be tall
* He will be fair complexioned
* His facial features will be similar to those of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam)
* His character will be exactly like that of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam)
* His father's name will be Abdullah
* His mother's name will be Aamina
* He will speak with a slight stutter and occasionally this stutter will frustrate him causing him to hit his hand upon his thigh.
* His age at the time of his emergence will be forty years
* He will receive Knowledge from Allah.
His Emergence and Rule
Hadhrat Umme Salmah (R.A.) narrates that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, " After the death of a Ruler there will be some dispute between the people. At that time a citizen of Madina will flee (from Madinah) and go to Makkah. While in Makkah, certain people will approach him between Hajrul Aswad and Maqaame Ibraheem, and forcefully pledge their allegiance to him.
Thereafter a huge army will proceed from Syria to attack him but when they will be at Baida, which is between Makkah and Madina, they will be swallowed into the ground.
On seeing this, the Abdaals of Shaam as well as large numbers of people from Iraq will come to him and pledge their allegiance to him. Then a person from the Quraish, whose uncle will be from the Bani Kalb tribe will send an army to attack him, only to be overpowered, by the will of Allah. This (defeated) army will be that of the Bani Kalb. Unfortunate indeed is he who does not receive a share from the booty of the Kalb. This person (Imam Mahdi) will distribute the spoils of war after the battle. He will lead the people according to the Sunnat and during his reign Islam will spread throughout the world. He will remain till seven years (since his emergence). He will pass away and the Muslims will perform his Janazah salaat." (Abu Dawood)
According to a Hadeeth, Sayyidena Eesa (A.S.) will lead the Janaazah of Imam Mahdi (A.S.).
While the people will be pledging their allegiance to Imaam Mahdi, a voice from the unseen will call out:
"This is the representative of Allah,
The Mahdi, listen to him and obey him"
This announcement which will be heard by all those present will establish his authenticity. Another sign which will indicate the authenticity of Imaam Mahdi wil be that in the Ramadhaan prior to his emergence an eclipse of the sun and moon will occur.
Hadhrat Abu Umamah (R.A.) says that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "There will be four peace agreements between you and the Romans. The fourth agreement will be mediated through a person who will be from the progeny of Hadhrat Haroon (A.S.) and will be upheld for seven years."
The people asked: "O Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam), who will be the Imaam of the people at the time?"
Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "He will be from my progeny and will be forty years of age. His face will shine like a star and he will have a black spot on his left cheek. He will don two "Qutwaani" cloaks and will appear exactly as a person from the Bani Israeel..." (Tabrani)
According to hadith narrated by Abu Saeed Khudri (R.A.) Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "...(regarding the rule of Imaam Mahdi) the skies will rain down in abundance and the earth will yield forth its crop in abundance, and those alive will desire that those who have already passed away should have been alive to enjoy this prosperity..."
Hadhrat Buraidah (R.A.) says that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "There will be many armies after me. You must join that army which will come from Khurasaan." (Ibn Adi)
Abu Hurairah (R.A.) says that Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: "(Armies carrying) black flags will come from Khurasaan. No power will be able to stop them and they will finally reach Eela (Baitul Maqdas) where they will erect their flags."
from: "Signs of Qiyamah"

Wazaif-ul-Abrar By Mawlana Hafiz Farman Ali Free Download in PDF

Wazaif-ul-Abrar By Mawlana Hafiz Farman Ali Free Download in PDF

Wazaif-ul-Abrar is a book of Islamic supplications and Wazaif along with Urdu translation and benefits. This book was written by Maulana Hafiz Farman Ali. 

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غنڈہ گردی سعودی عرب کو منہگی پڑنے لگی

غنڈہ گردی سعودی عرب کو منہگی پڑنے لگی

لبنانی وزیراعظم سعد الحریری کا سعودی عرب میں سعودی دباؤ کے تحت استعفیٰ اور پھر سعودی عرب میں نظر بندی کو دو ہفتے ہونے جارہے ہیں اور اب سعودی عرب پر بھی اس کی غنڈہ گردی کے منفی اثرات مرتب ہونے لگے ہیں،اس بات میں کوئی شک نہیں کہ سعد الحریری نے سعودی عرب کے زور زبردستی اور دباؤ کے تحت استعفیٰ دیا،سعودی عرب اس حرکت سے لبنان کے سیاسی ،معاشی اور سماجی حالات میں بگاڑ اور کشیدگی پیدا کرنا چاہتا تھا،جس میں وہ بری طرح سے ناکام ہوگیا ہے۔

سعودی عرب کی سب سے بڑی غلطی یہ تھی کہ اس نے سعد الحریری سے استعفیٰ لینے کے بعد الحریری کو سعودی عرب میں نظر بند کرتے ہوئے انہیں واپس لبنان جانے نہیں دیا جس کی وجہ سے اس بات کو تقویت ملی کہ سعد الحریری حقیقت میں ہی سعودی حکام کےہاتھوں یرغمال ہوگئے ہیں۔

اس نظریے کو غلط ثابت کرنے کیلئے سعودی عرب نے حریری کو امارات اور بحرین کے مختصر دورے پر بھیجا اور مضحکہ خیز بات یہ تھی کہ دونوں ممالک سعودی عرب کے اہم اتحادی اور ساتھی سمجھے جاتے ہیں اور جب سعودی عرب کی یہ دال نہیں گلی تو سعودی حکام نے سعودی فنڈڈ العربیہ ٹی وی چینل پر الحریری کے انٹرویو کا انتظام کیا ،اس انٹرویو نے تو سعودیوں کی تمام سازش کو بے نقاب کر دیا اور لوگوں کو اس بات پر پورا یقین ہوگیا کہ سعد الحریری سعودی عرب میں آزادی سے محروم ایک قیدی بن گئے ہیں۔

انٹرویو کی بات کی جائے تو سعد الحریری اس میں کافی متذبذب اور پریشان نظر آرہے تھے اور ان کی باڈی لینگویج سے صاف ظاہر ہورہا تھا کہ دال میں کچھ کالا نہیں بلکہ پوری دال ہی کالی ہے۔
اس وقت سعودی عرب سعد الحریری کے معاملے میں پوری طرح پھنس چکا ہے،لبنانی قیادت اور قوم اب بھی برداشت اور تحمل کا مظاہرہ کرتے ہوئے الحریری کی لبنان واپسی کا مطالبہ کر رہے ہیں ،لبنان نے اس معاملے کو تاحال عالمی معاملہ نہیں بنایا اور کوشش کر رہا ہے کہ اس معاملے کا حل لبنان اور سعودی عرب کے تعلقات کی بنا پر حل ہوجائے البتہ لبنان نے معاملے کو عالمی سطح پر لے جانے کی دھمکی دیتے ہوئے سعودی عرب کو خبردار کر دیا ہے کہ وہ سعد الحریری کی آزادی کیلئے اقوام متحدہ کی سلامتی کونسل کا دروازہ کھٹکھٹائے گا۔

عالمی ردعمل کے حوالے سے بات کی جائے تو سعودی کے اتحادی امریکیوں نے سعودی عرب پر واضح کر دیا ہے کہ سعد الحریری کا شمار امریکہ کے اہم اتحادیوں میں ہوتا ہے اور انہیں کسی طرح نقصان نہیں پہنچنا چاہیے۔

علاوہ ازیں امریکہ نے سعودیوں پر برہمی کا اظہار کرتے ہوئے واضح کیا ہے کہ سعودی عرب کی لبنان کے حوالے سے پالیسیاں لبنان میں امریکی مفادات کو نقصان پہنچا رہی ہے جو امریکہ کو قابل قبول نہیں۔

فرانس نے بھی سعد الحریری سے اظہار یکجہتی کرتے ہوئے الحریری کی جلد لبنان واپسی کا مطالبہ کیا ہے ،ساتھ ہی فرانس نے سعودی عرب کو خبردار کیا ہے کہ اگر الحریری کی سعودی عرب میں نظر بندی مزید جاری رہی تو یہ معاملہ عالمی سلامتی کونسل میں اٹھایا جائے گا۔

عالمی سلامتی کونسل میں الحریری کا معاملہ اٹھائے جانے سے سعودی عرب کی متاثرہ ساکھ مزید متاثر ہوگی اور سعودی عرب کی مشکلات میں اضافہ ہوگا کیونکہ الحریری کو نظر بند کرنا در اصل لبنان کی خود مختاری پر حملے کے مترادف ہے جو کہ عالمی قوانین کی کھلی خلاف ورزی ہے۔

سعودی عرب کے لئے بہتر یہی ہوگا کہ وہ الحریری کی نظر بندی ختم کرتے ہوئے الحریری کو لبنان واپس جانے دے وگرنہ معاملات اس قدر خراب ہوسکتے ہیں کہ خود سعودی عرب اس سے نبرد آزما نہیں ہو پائے گا۔

Quote Of Hazrat Imam Ali A.S

Ya Ali as Madad

حلیمہ سعدیہ کی ایک بیٹی تھی جِن کا نام “ حُرِّہ ” تھا اور وہ حضرت امیرالمومنین علیہ السّلام کی مخلص مومنہ تھی۔

Ya Ali as Madad 🌹🌹🌹🌹

کسی نے حجاج بن یوسف سے کہا کہ حلیمہ سعدیہ کی بیٹی حُرِّہ دن رات حضرت علی علیہ السّلام کے فضائل بیان کرتی رہتی ہے یہ سن کر حجاج کو سخت غصہ آیا اور اس نے حضرت حُرِّہ کو اپنے دربار میں طلب کیا جب آپ وہاں پہنچیں تو حجاج نے بڑے غصہ سے کہا؛

بڑھیا ! میں نے سنا ہے کہ تو یہ عقیدہ رکھتی ہے کہ علی علیہ السّلام تمام صحابہ سے افضل تھے !!

حضرت حُرِّہ نے کہا؛ جس نے تجھے میرے متعلق اس عقیدہ کی خبر دی ہے وہ جھوٹا ہے میں حضرت علی علیہ السّلام کو صحابہ سے افضل نہیں مانتی میرا تو عقیدہ ہے کہ رسول اکرمۖ کے علاوہ حضرت علی علیہ السّلام باقی انبیاء کرام سے افضل ہیں۔

جب حجاج نے یہ سنا تو اس نے چیخ کر کہا؛ تجھ پر ہلاکت ہو کیا تو علی علیہ السّلام کو انبیاء کرام سے افضل مانتی ہے؟

 حضرت حُرِّہ نے کہا؛ میں اپنی طرف سے یہ عقیدہ تھوڑا رکھتی ہوں ۔ بات یہ ہے کہ اللہ نے انہیں یہ فضیلت دی ہے اور قرآن مجید نے اس کی گواہی دی ہے۔

حجاج نے کہا : ٹھیک ہے تم قرآن سے اپنا عقیدہ ثابت کرو اگر تم یہ عقیدہ ثابت کرنے میں کامیاب ہو گئیں تم میں تمہیں معاف کردوں گا ورنہ تمھارے قتل کا حکم جاری کروں گا۔

حضرت حرہ نے کہا : ۔

۔1۔ سنو ! قرآن مجید یہ گواہی دیتا ہے کہ خدا نے حضرت آدم و حوا سے کہا تھا “ولا تقر باھذہ الشجرتہ” (البقر ہ- 35) تم اس درخت کے قریب نہ جانا۔ لیکن حقیقت یہ ہے حضرت آدم علیہ السلام شجرہ ممنوعہ کے پاس گئے تھے ہور اسکا ثمر کھایا تھا۔

اب خدارا تم ہی بتا دو کہ اللہ نے علی علیہ السلام کو کسی چیز سے منع کیا ہو اور علی علیہ السلام نے خدا کے حکم پر عمل نہ کیا ہو ؟ اور اگر کوئی واقعہ تمھارے ذہن میں ہے تو تم بیان کرو۔

۔2۔ حضرت نوح علیہ السلام جلیل القدر نبی تھے لیکن قرآن مجید یہ گواہی دیتا ہے کہ ان کی اور حضرت لوط علیہ السلام کی بیویاں خائنہ تھیں جیسا کہ فرمان خداوندی ہے۔ ضرب اللہ مثلاًًالذیننن کفر امرا تہتہتہ لوط کانتا تحت عبدینعباد نا نانا صالحین فخانتا ھما۔ (تحریم – 10)۔

ترجمہ: اللہ کافروں کے لیۓ نوح علیہ السلام اور لوط علیہ السلام کی بیوی کی مثال بیان کرتا ہے وہ دونوں ہمارے نیک بندوں کی بیویاں تھیں انہوں نے ان سے خیانت کی۔

حضرت نوح علیہ السلام کی بیوی خائنہ تھی جب کہ علی علیہ السلام کی زوجہ حضرت فاطمہ زہرا علیہ السلام ہیں جن کی رضا سے اللہ راضی ہوتا ہے۔

۔3۔ قرآن مجید میں یہ واقعہ موجود ہے کہ ایک مرتبہ حضرت ابراہیم علیہ السلام نے بارگاہ الٰی میں عرض کیا تھا کہ خدا مجھے دکھا تو مردوں کو کیسے زندہ کرتا ہے۔

اللہ نے ان سے فرمایا تھا؛ اولم تو من قال بلٰی و لکنلیطمئن قلبی االبقر ہ– 260)۔

ترجمہ ؛ کیا تو ایمان نہیں رکھتا ؟ عرض کیا ؛ کیوں نہیں لیکن میں چاہتا ہوں کہ میرے دل کو اطمینان مل جائے۔

۔4۔ اور ابراہیم علیہ السلام کے متعلق اللہ تعالٰی نے فرمایا ؛ و کذَ لِک نری ابراہیم ملکوت السمٰوات و الارض و لیکون من المُو قِنین۔

ترجمہ: اور اس طرح سے ہم ابراہیم علیہ السلام کو آسمان اور زمین کی بادشاہت دکھلاتے رہے تا کہ اس کے یقین میں اضافہ ہو۔

حضرت ابراہیم علیہ السلام کو یقین کے اضافہ کے لیے ارض و سما کی بادشاہت دیکھنے کی احتیاج تھی جب کہ حضرت علی علیہ السلام یقین کے اس بلند ترین مقام پر فائز تھے کہ انہوں نے خود کہا تھا۔ “لو کشف الغطاء ما ازد دت یقیناً”۔ ترجمہ: اگر حجاب اٹھا دیئے جائیں تو تھی میرے یقین میں اضافہ نہیں ہوگا۔

حضرت علی علیہ السلام کے اس فرمان سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ آپ یقین کے آخری درجہ پر فائز تھے جس میں کسی اضافہ کی گنجائش موجود نہیں تھی۔

5۔ اللہ تعالٰی نے طورِ سینا پر حضرت موسٰی سے گفتگو کی۔ اللہ نے ان سے فرمایا کہ تم فرعون کے پاس جاؤ اور اسے جا کر تبلیغ کرو۔

حضرت موسٰی علیہ السلام نے بارگاہ احدیت میں عرض کیا: رب انی قتلت منہم نفسا فاخاف ان یقتلون (القصص، 33) ترجمہ: پروردگار !میں نے ان کی قوم کے ایک شخص کو قتل کیا تھا مجھے ڈر ہے کہ وہ مجھے کہیں قتل ہی نہ کر دیں۔

آیت مجیدہ سے معلوم ہوا کہ حضرت موسٰی کو اپنے قتل کئے جانے کا خطرہ تھا اسی لیۓ انہوں نے بارگاہ احدیت میں اس خدشہ کا اظہار کیا تھا۔

6۔ جب کفار مکہ نے طے کیا کہ وہ سارے مل کر رسول ۖ اللہ کو قتل کر دیں تب اللہ نے اپنے حبیب کو ان کے منصوبے کی خبر دی اور اللہ نے آپ کو مکہ سے ہجرت کرنے کا حکم دیا ۔ نبی اکرمۖ نے حضرت علی علیہ السلام کو بلا کر فرمایا ؛ یہاں گھر میں مجھے اپنی جان کا خطرہ ہے کیا تم میرے بستر ہر سوؤ گے ؟

حضرت علی علیہ السلام نے عرض کیا ؛ کیوں نہیں میں آپ تر اپنی جان قربان کروں گا۔

حضرت علی علیہ السلام بے خوف ہو کر نبی اکرمۖ کے بستر پر پوری رات سوتے رہے۔

7۔  حضرت مریم علیہ السلام اور عیسٰی علیہ السلام کی ولادت کا وقت ہوا تو انہیں یہ آواز سنائی دی کہ مسجد چھوڑ کر باہر چلی جاؤ۔

حضرت مریم نے وہ حجرہ چھوڑا اور باہر کھجور کے جھنڈ میں آئیں اور وہاں پر حضرت عیسٰی علیہ السلام کو جنم دیا۔لیکن کیا کہنے حضرت علی علیہ السلام اور ان کی والدہ گرامی کی عظمت کے جب حضرت علی علیہ السلام کی ولادت کا وقت قریب آیا تو ان کی والدہ ماجدہ دعا کے لیے کعبہ گئیں اور غلاف کعبہ کو تھام کر خدا کو اپنے فرزند کا واسطہ دیا تو اسی وقت دیوار کعبہ میں شگاف ہو گیا ۔ اور والدہ گرامی حضرت علی علیہ السلام کعبہ میں گئیں اور جہان انہوں نے حضرت علی علیہ السلام کو جنم دیا۔

جب حجاج نے حرہ کی زبانی حضرت علی علیہ السلام کے یہ فضائل سنے تو وہ حیران و پریشان رہ گیا ۔ اور اُنہیں‌ روانہ کیا.

حوالہ : کشکول دستغیب

جلد دوم

 صحفہ 20

فضائل ابنِ شاذان

ص: 122

بحارج 4

dua imam e zaman

Imam Hassan a.s

‏تابوت حسن ؑ لائے ہیں

حسین ؑ اٹھاکے 

امــتــــــــ نـــے دیـــا پـــرســـــہ مگـر

تـیـــر چلا کے ۔

عشرہِ شہادت امام حسنِ مجتبی ع

Hasan al-Askari A.S

Hasan al-Askari

Hasan al-Askari الحسن العسكري  (Arabic) = 11th Imam ofTwelver Shia Islam
Born	c. 6 December 846 CE (10 Rabi al-thani 232 AH) Medina, Abbasid Empire
Died	c. 4 January 874 (aged 27) (8 Rabi al-awwal 260 AH) Samarra, Abbasid Empire
Cause of death	Poisoning by Al-Mu'tamidaccording to Shia Muslims
Resting place	Al-Askari Mosque, Iraq 34°11′54.5″N 43°52′25″E
Other names	Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad
Predecessor	Ali al-Hadi
Successor	Muhammad al-Mahdi
Spouse(s)	Narjis
Children	Muhammad al-Mahdi Sayyid Ali Akbarb
Parent(s)	Ali al-Hadi Saleel
Relatives	Muhammad (brother) Ja'far (brother)

Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad (c. 846 – 874) was the 11th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam, after his father Ali al-Hadi. He was also called Abu Muhammad and Ibn al-Ridha. Because Samarra, the city where he lived, was a garrison town, he is generally known as al-Askari (Askar is the word for military in Arabic). Al-Askari married Narjis Khatun and was kept under house arrest or in prison for most of his life, until, according to some Shia sources, he was poisoned at the age of 28 on the orders of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tamid and was buried in Samarra. It was known that many Shia were looking forward to the succession of his son, Muhammad al-Mahdi, as they believed him to be the twelfth Imam, who was destined to remove injustice from the world.

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Birth and early life

Hasan al-Askari was born during a period when his father Ali al-Hadi, the tenth Imam, was suspected of being involved in a conspiracy against the Caliph Al-Mutawakkil. There is doubt as to whether al-Askari was born in Medina or Samarra. According to authentic shia hadith he was born in Medina on the 10th of Rabiul Akhar 232 Hijri (6 December 846 AD) and died in Samarrah Iraq on the 8th of Rabiul Awwal 260 Hijri (4 January 874) aged 28. The period of his imamate was 6 years. He was taken along with his family to Samarra in the year 230, 231 or 232 A.H., and was kept there under house arrest. In Samarra, al-Askari spent most of his time reading the Quran and the Sharia. According to Donaldson, al-Askari must also have studied languages, for in later years it was known that he could speak Hindi with the pilgrims from India, Turkish with the Turks, and Persian with the Persians. According to Shia accounts, however, it is part of the divine knowledge given to all Imams to be able to speak all human languages.

Al-Askari Mosque before the 2006 bombing

It is said that even as a child, al-Askari was endowed with divine knowledge. One day a man passed by him, and saw that he was crying. The man told him he would buy a toy that he might play with. "No!" said al-Askari, "We have not been created for play." The man was amazed at this answer and said, "Then, what for have we been created?" "For knowledge and worship." answered the child. The man said "Where have you got this from?" Al-Askari said, "From the saying of God, Did you then think that We had created you in vain." The man was confused, so he said, "What has happened to you while you are guiltless, little child?" al-Askari said, "Be away from me! I have seen my mother set fire to big pieces of firewood, but fire is not lit except with small pieces, and I fear that I shall be from the small pieces of the firewood of the Hell."

Al-Askari's mother, as in the case of the majority of The Twelve Imams, was a slave girl who was honoured after bearing children with the title Umm walad (mother of offspring). Her given name was Hadith, though some say she was called Susan, Ghazala, Salil, or Haribta. Al-Askari had other brothers, and among them was Ja’far who was also known as Ja'far al-Zaki or Jaffar-us-Sani. His other brother was Husayn, and together he and al-Askari were known as "as-Sibtayn", after their two grandfathers Hasan and Husayn, who were also called as-Sibtayn.

His wife

Various legends relate to al-Askari's wife, Narjis Khatun (the mother of the twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi). It is said that al-Askari's father, Ali al-Hadi, wrote a letter in the script of Rûm; put it in a red purse, with 220 Dinars; and gave it to his friend Bashar ibn Sulaiman. The letter instructed him to go to Baghdad, to a ferry place on the river where the boats from Syria were unloaded, and female slaves were sold. Bashar was told to look out for a shipowner named Amr ibn Yazid, who had a slave girl who would call out in the language of Rûm: "Even if you have wealth and the glory of Solomon the son of David, I can never have affection for you, so take care lest you waste your money." And that if a buyer approached her, she would say "Cursed be the man who unveils my eyebrow!" Her owner would then protest, "But what recourse do I have I; I am compelled to sell you?" "You will then hear the slave answer", said the Imam, "Why this hast, let me choose my purchaser, that my heart may accept him in confidence and gratitude."

Bashar gave the letter, as he was instructed, to the slave girl; who read it, and was not able to keep from crying afterward. Then she said to Amr ibn Yezid, "Sell me to the writer of this letter, for if you refuse I will surely kill myself." "I therefore talked over the price with Amr until we agreed on the 220 Dinars my master had given me," said Bashar. On her way to Samarra, the slave girl would kiss the letter and rub it to her face and body; and when asked by Bashar why she did so despite not knowing the writer of the letter, she said, "May the offspring of the Prophet dispel your doubts!" Later on, however, she gave a full description of the dream she had had, and how she had escaped from her father's palace. A lengthier version of this story is recorded in Donaldson's book, along with further discussion on the authenticity of this story.

Some Shia sources have recorded her as being a "Roman (i.e. Byzantine) princess" who pretended to be a slave so that she might travel from her kingdom to Arabia. Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi, in the Encyclopedia of Iranica, suggests that the last version is "undoubtedly legendary and hagiographic".

Imamate

Shia believe that Hasan al-Askari gained the Imamate after the death of his father—by divine command, as well as by the decrees of the previous Imams—at the age of 22. During the seven years of his Imamate, Hasan al-Askari lived in dissimulation (taqiyah), without any social contact, as the Abbasid Caliphs were afraid of the increasingly popularity of Shia Islam at the time. The Caliphs also came to know that the leaders among the Shia believed that the eleventh Imam would have a son who was the promised Mahdi. Due to these fears, the Caliphs of the time had decided to put an end to the Imamate of Shi'ism once and for all.

Under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphs

Hasan al-Askari lived almost his entire life under house arrest in Samarra and under the supervision of the Abbasid caliphs. He criticized the rulers for appropriating the wealth of the nation and extorting the people under their rule by not communicating with or cooperating with the kings of his time. The state remained in a political crisis, as the Abbasid Caliphs were considered puppets of the Turks, who were seen as ruling through terrorism. After the death of al-Askari's father, Ali al-Hadi, the Caliph Al-Mu'tazz summoned him to Baghdad, where he was kept in prison during the short rule of the next Caliph, Al-Muhtadi. Most of his prison time, however, was during the reign of the succeeding Caliph, Al-Mu'tamid, who is known in Shia sources as the main oppressor of the Imam. The Imam's death has largely been attributed to poison administered by al-Mu'tamid.

Divisions

There was a large sect of Shia, the waqifiyya, who believed that the Imamate stopped with the seventh Imam, Musa al-Kadhim and were unwilling to approve the succession of the remaining five Imams. Also, Ja’far, the son of the tenth Imam, claimed to be Imam after the death of his brother, al-Askari, and was followed by a group of Shia. However, this group disbanded soon afterwards, as Ja’far himself gave up his claim. Except for Zaidiyyah and Isma'ilism, which continue to the present day, all other minority sects of Twelver Shia were dissolved in a short period.

Expertise

During their lifetimes, the Shia Imams trained hundreds of scholars whose names and works can be found in biographical books. During the time of the Eleventh Imam, however, some Shia saw Islamic religious life as being in shambles. The Imam was under house arrest and many non-believers took advantage of this to question religion, in spite of the Imam's continuing to speak out against those who questioned the Qur'an. An account of this can be found in a Tafsir ascribed to him. The religious skepticism was manifested in a book entitled The Contradiction of the Quran, by Abd al-Masih ibn Ishaq al-Kindi. News of the book came to al-Askari, who met one of al-Kindi's disciples and said to him, "Is there no wise man among you to prevent your teacher, al-Kindi, from that which he has busied himself with?" The disciple answered that they were al-Kindi's disciples and were not able to object. Later on Hasan al-Askari instructed the disciple how to question al-Kindi.

Go to him, be courteous with him, and show him that you will help him in what he is in. When he feels comfortable with you, you say to him, If someone recites the Quran, is it possible that he means other meanings than what you think you understand? He shall say that it is possible because he is a man who understands when he listens. If he says that, you say to him, How do you know? He might mean other than the meanings that you think, and so he fabricates other than its (the Qur'an) meanings....

The disciple did as al-Askari advised him; and Al-Kindi was shrewd enough to say, "...no one like you can get to this. Would you tell me where you have got this from?" And when he heard the true story said, "Now you say the truth. Like this would not come out except from that house (the Ahlul Bayt)…". It is said that al-Kindi burnt his book afterwards.

Tafsir al-Askari

Despite being confined to house arrest for almost his entire life, Hasan al-Askari was able to teach others about Islam, and even compiled a commentary on the Quran that became known as Tafsir al-Askari. However, there was much suspicion regarding whether it truly was his. The Tafsir was thought by some to have a weak chain of authorities (Sanad), which is an essential part of the transmission of a tradition. The Tafsir was also questioned because it contained a few inconsistencies and lacks eloquence, which some claim ruin its validity by default. The main reason people questioned the validity of the Tafsir was the fact that the Imam was under constant watch by the Abbasid government, who prevented any contact between him and other Shia, making it impossible for such knowledge to be transmitted.

Selected sayings

• "If anyone of you is pious in his religion, truthful in his speech, gives deposit back to its owner, and treats people kindly, it shall be said about him: ―this is a Shiite."
• "Do not hasten towards a fruit that is not ripe yet for it has its time! …Trust in His (God's) experience in your affairs and do not hurry for your needs at the beginning of your time that your heart may be distressed and despair may overcome you!"
• "Worship is not abundant fasting and praying, rather worship is abundant pondering; it is the continuous thinking of God."
• "Anger is the key to every evil."
• "A spiteful one is the least comfortable."
• "There are two qualities that no quality is over; the faith in God and the serving of brothers."
• "Humbleness is a blessing that is not envied."
• "Had all people of this world been intelligent, the world would have been ruined. (Because they only spend their life for the Day of Judgement.)
• "The weakest of enemies in cunning, is he who shows his enmity."
• "Vices have been put in a house whose key is lies."

Death

Al-Askari Mosque in Samarra, Iraq

Hasan al-Askari, according to some Shia sources, was poisoned at the age of 28 at the instigation of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu'tamid and died on the 8th Rabi' al-Awwal 260 AH (approximately: 4 January 874) in his own house in Samarra. He was buried with his father.

When news of the illness of the eleventh Imam had reached Caliph Al-Mu'tamid, he sent a physician and a group of his trusted men to observe the Imam's condition. After the death of the Imam, they had all his female slaves examined by the midwives. For two years, they searched for the successor of the Imam until they eventually lost hope. Al-Askari died on the very same day that his young son, Muhammad al-Mahdi, who then was five or a little over, disappeared and started what was henceforth known as the Minor Occultation. Genealogy trees of Middle Eastern families, mostly from Persia and Khorasan, show that Imam Hasan al-Askari also had a second son called Sayyid Ali Akbar. These indicate that Imam al-Askari had children and tend to substantiate the existence of Imam Muhammad al Mahdi. The reason for dispute over Imam Al Askari having children or not is perhaps because of the political conflicts between the followers of the Imamah and the leadership of the Abbasids and Ghulat Shiites who had not believed in Imam Hasan al-Askaris Imamah.In fact, the 11th Imam had two sons, Sayyid Muhammad (i.e. Imam Mahdi) and Sayyid Ali Akbar. Notable descendants of Sayyid Ali Akbar are Sufi Saints like Maudood Chishti and Bahauddin Naqshband. descendant after 11 generations. Khwaja Khawand Mahmud known as Hazrat Ishaan, descendant after 18 generations and the three saintly brothers Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mir Jan Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mahmud Agha and Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mir Fazlullah, Qadhi ul Qudhad i.e. chief of justice of the Emirate of Afghanistan, maternal descendants of Imam Hasan al Askari and Hazrat Ishaan. The German entrepreneur and member of the royal family of Afghanistan de:Sultan Masood Dakikis a contemporary descendant of Sayyid Ali-Akbar, through his great grandfather Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mir Fazlullah, Qadhi ul Qudhad i.e. chief of justiceof the Emirate of Afghanistan. Also qadi Qozi Sayyid Bahodirxon, and the Sufi saints Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin  and Pir Baba  and Sayyid Ahmed Amiruddin. Another descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar was Saint Ishan (Eshon) Imlo of Bukhara. Ishan Imlo Bukhara "saint of the last time," as he is called in Bukhara, as it is believed that after him the Saints had no more. The average Asian Muslims revere him as the last of the Saints. Ishan Imlo according to the source, died in 1162 AH (1748–1749), the mausoleum (Mazar) is in a cemetery in Bukhara.

His Son, the Promised Mahdi

Shias believe that the birth of al-Askari's son, like that of the prophet Moses, was concealed due to the difficulties of the time and because of the belief that the son was the promised Muhammad al-Mahdi, an important figure in Shia teachings. The Mahdi was believed to be destined to reappear before the end of time to fill the world with justice, peace, and to establish Islam as the global religion. It is said that when al-Askari's uncle—who became known as "Ja'far the liar" or the "false Ja'far"—was about to say the prayer at his nephew's funeral, there appeared "a fair child, with curly hair, and shining teeth", who seized Ja'far's cloak and insisted on saying the prayer. A few days later, a group of Shia pilgrims from Qum, ignorant of his death, came to visit al-Askari. The same Ja'far claimed to be the next Imam. The pilgrims said they would accept him if he would prove himself by telling them their names and indicating how much money they had. While Ja'far was protesting against this examination, a servant of al-Mahdi appeared, saying that his master had sent him to inform them of their particular names and their specific amounts of money. Ja'far searched everywhere but could not find the boy, al-Mahdi. The doctrine of his ghaiba declares simply that the Mahdi has been "withdrawn by God from the eyes of men, that his life has been miraculously prolonged, that he has been seen from time to time and has been in correspondence with others, and maintains a control over the fortunes of his people."

Muhammad Taqi A.S

Muhammad al-Jawad

Muhammad al-Jawad محمد التقي الجواد  (Arabic) 9th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam
Born	c. 12 April 811 CE (10 Rajab 195 AH) Medina, Abbasid Empire
Died	c. 29 November 835 (aged 24) (30 Dhul Qa`dah 220 AH) Baghdad, Abbasid Empire
Cause of death	Poisoning, by Al-Mu'tasimaccording to most Shi'aMuslims.
Resting place	Al-Kadhimiya Mosque, Iraq 33°22′48″N 44°20′16.64″E
Other names	Muhammad al-Taqi
Term	819 – 835 CE
Predecessor	Ali al-Ridha
Successor	Ali al-Hadi
Spouse(s)	Sumānah
Children	Ali al-Hadi Musa al-Mubarraqa Hakimah Khātūn
Parent(s)	Ali al-Ridha

Muhammad ibn ‘Alī ibn Mūsā (Arabic: محمد ابن علی ابن موسی ) (circa April 12, 811 - c. November 29, 835) was the ninth of the Twelve Imams and a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. He was also called Abu Ja'far, Ibn al-Ridha ("the son of al-Ridha); al-Jawād ("the generous") and al-Taqī ("the pious"). His role is celebrated by the largest branch of Shia Islam, the Twelver or Athnā‘ashariyyah branch. According to Shiite accounts, he was poisoned by his wife and died at age 25, the shortest-lived of the Twelve.

Early life

Al-Jawad was born circa April 12, 811, in Medina (then part of the Abbasid Empire). He was born to his father, Ali al-Ridha and a mother whose name and background is not entirely known. According to Kulaini, his mother was a bondmaid from Nubia named Habibi. However, some say that she was Khaizaran, a girl from the Byzantine Empire. Others believe she belonged to the household of Maria al-Qibtiyya, who was the slavemother of Muhammad's young son Ibrahim.

Al-Jawad's father, Ali al-Ridha, knew that his son should take the position of Imamate after him. When al-Jawad was four, his father received a summons from the Abbasid Caliph, al-Ma'mun, asking him to be al-Ma'mun's successor. Al-Ridha left the four-year-old al-Jawad behind in Medina to respond to the summons. The Shiites questioned whether a child of that age could take on his father's responsibility as an Imamate if something happened to his father. In response, al-Ridha used to tell the story of Jesus, who had become a prophet at a younger age.

Al-Kadhimiya Mosque

Nicknamed al–Jawad

As a young child, Muhammad al-Jawad earned the name al-Jawad ("the generous"). When his father was away, people gathered by al-Jawad's door in hopes of gaining help. Al-Jawad's caregivers had him leave his house only through another exit to avoid them. Upon hearing this, his father wrote a letter to advising his son not to listen to those who told him not to use the house's main gate. He wrote that the other advice came from stinginess and a fear that someone else might receive goodness (alms) from al-Jawad. Al-Ridha wrote: "Whenever you want to go out, keep some gold and silver with you. No one should ask you for anything without your giving it to him. If one of your uncles asks you to be pious to him, do not give him less than fifty dinars and you may give him more if you want. If one of your aunts asks you, do not give her less than twenty-five dinars and you may give her more if you want...."

Imamate

Al-Jawad's age at the time of his father's death in Korasan is unknown, although probably between seven and nine. With his father's death, al-Jawad became a young Imam. According to Shia beliefs, al-Jawad acted like an adult and possessed extraordinary knowledge. Shia beliefs liken this to Jesus, who was called to leadership and his prophetic mission while still a child.

Accounts differ as to al-Ridha's death and subsequent events. One account states that al-Ma'mun poisoned al-Ridha, and then summoned al-Jawad to Baghdad in order to marry his daughter, Ummul Fadhl. This apparently provoked strenuous objections by the Abbasids. According to Ya'qubi, al-Ma'mun gave al-Jawad one hundred thousand Dirham and said, "Surely I would like to be a grandfather in the line of the Apostle of God and of Ali ibn Abu Talib."

Another account states that al-Ma'mun's first meeting with al-Jawad was coincidental. According to this account, al-Ma'mun was hunting when he happened upon a group of boys including al-Jawad, who were playing. When al-Ma'mun's horsemen approached, the boys ran away, except al-Jawad. This prompted al-Ma'mun to stop his carriage and ask, "Boy, what kept you from running away with the others?" Al-Jawad replied, "The road was not so narrow that I should fear there would not be room for you to pass and I have not been guilty of any offence that I should be afraid and I considered that you were the sort of man who would not injure one who had done no wrong." Shia traditions say that the Caliph was delighted and after he traveling a short distance, one of his hunting birds brought him a small fish. Al-Ma'mun hid the fish in his fist, returned and asked al-Jawad: "What have I in my hand?" Al-Jawad responded: "The creator of living things has created in the sea a small fish that is fished by the falcons of the kings and caliphs to try with it the progeny of al-Mustafa. Shiite tradition says that Al-Ma'mun was pleased with this answer and asked the child about his lineage. Soon after, the Caliph called a large gathering, during which al-Jawad was asked many questions and astonished everyone with his judgment and learning. After this, al-Ma'mun formally gave al-Jawad his daughter in marriage.

According to beliefs, Yahya ibn Aktham, the Chief Justice of the Abbasid Empire, was present at al-Ma'mun's assembly and wanted to try al-Jawad in al-Ma'mun's presence. He did so by asking a question concerning atonement for a person who hunts game while dressed in pilgrimage garb (Ihram). In response, al-Jawad asked first "whether the game killed was outside the sanctified area or inside it; whether the hunter was aware of his sin or did so in ignorance; did he kill the game on purpose or by mistake, was the hunter a slave or a free man, was he adult or minor, did he commit the sin for the first time or had he done so before, was the hunted game a bird or something else, was it a small animal or a big one, is the sinner sorry for the misdeed or does he insist on it, did he kill it secretly at night or openly during daylight, was he putting on the pilgrimage garb for Hajj or for the Umrah?..." This apparently astonished the Abbasid who were critical of al-Ma'mun's decision.

During the next annual pilgrimage (Hajj), prominent men from around the Islamic world came to Medina to see al-Jawad and another assembly was held. These men were skeptical of al-Jawad's youth and whether he truly was the Imamate). Shiite belief holds that the boy eliminated their doubts. Kulaini recounted that the superintendent of the Shrine gave al-Jawad a test that "lasted for several days, in which he answered thirty thousand questions to their great amazement!"

Abbasid era

Ma'mun had asked al-Jawad to marry his daughter because he had been the pioneer of his contemporary elites. One year after this marriage, al-Jawad came back to Medina with Ome Al Fazl, his wife, and devoted his life to teaching. Al-Jawad also married Sumaneh, who was from the Maghreb(Northwest Africa). She bore him a son and a successor, Ali al-Hadi, who would be the tenth Shiite Imam.

After al-Ma'mun's death in 833, his successor, Al-Mu'tasim, became the new Caliph. Al-Mu'tasim did not like al-Jawad and in 835 called him to Baghdad. Al-Jawad left his son Ali-al-Hadi with his mother Sumaneh in Medina while his wife accompanied him to Baghdad. They lived there for a year before al-Jawad's wife, according to some sources, poisoned him, at the urging of the new Caliph Al-Mu'tasim.

Selected Sayings

• "Turning to God with the deep of the heart is much better than tiring the organs."
• "Do not anticipate matters before their time that you may regret. Do not live just with wishes that your hearts may be hard. Be merciful to the weak and ask for mercy from God by being merciful yourselves!"
• "Knowledgeable persons are strangers because of the many ignorant people around them."
• "Do not make an enemy of anyone until you know what there is between him and God! If he is good, God will not leave him to you and if he is bad, then your knowing of his badness will make you safe from him and so you do not need to make him your enemy."
• "Man's death by sins is more than his death by fate and his life by charity is more than his life by age."

Answer to Hussein ibn Bashar's letter about marriage

• "If the ignorant keep silent, people will not disagree."
• "People are brothers. The brotherhood that is not in the way of Allah turns into enmity, for Allah says, Friends on that day will be foes one to another, save those who kept their duty (to God)."
• "Showing something before it becomes complete spoils that thing."
• "The blessing that is not thanked becomes a sin that is not forgiven."
• "He, who does not know the entries, the exits will fail him."
• "Trusting in God is a price to every dear thing and a ladder to every high thing."
• "There are three characteristics that attract kindness: Being fair in dealing with others, being helpful when others are in hardships and bearing a truly compassionate heart."

Prophet Muhammad SAWW

Muhammad

Prophet Muhammad Prophet, Messenger, Apostle, Witness, Bearer of Good Tidings, Warner, Reminder, Caller, Announcer.
Common calligraphic representation of Muhammad's name
Born	Muḥammad ibn `Abd Allāh c. 26 April 570 Makkah, Arabia (present-day Mecca, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia)
Died	8 June 632 (aged 62) Yathrib, Arabia (present-day Medina, Hejaz, Saudi Arabia)
Cause of death	Illness (high fever)
Resting place	Tomb under the Green Dome of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina, Hejaz, Saudi Arabia
Ethnicity	Arab
Religion	Islam
Spouse	Wives: Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (595-619) Sawda bint Zamʿa (619-632) Aisha bint Abi Bakr (619-632) Hafsa bint Umar (624-632) Zaynab bint Khuzayma (625-627) Hind bint Abi Umayya (629-632) Zaynab bint Jahsh (627-632) Juwayriya bint al-Harith (628-632) Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan (628-632) Rayhana bint Zayd (629-631) Safiyya bint Huyayy (629-632) Maymuna bint al-Harith (630-632) Maria al-Qibtiyya (630-632)
Children	Sons: al-Qasim, `Abd-Allah, Ibrahim Daughter: Fatimah Zahra
Parents	Father: `Abd Allah ibn `Abd al-Muttalib Mother: Aminah bint Wahb
Relatives	Ahl al-Bayt

Muhammad (c. 26 April 570 – 8 June 632; also transliterated as Mohammad, Mohammed, or Muhammed; Arabic: محمد‎) (full name: Muhammad Ibn `Abd Allāh Ibn `Abd al-Muttalib Arabic: محمد بن عبدالله بن عبد المطلب ‎) was the founder of the religion of Islam. He is considered by Muslims and Bahá'ís to be a messenger and prophet of God, and by Muslims the last law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets. Most Muslims consider him to be the last prophet of God as taught by the Quran. Muslims thus consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets.
Born in 570 CE in the Arabian city of Mecca, he was orphaned at an early age and brought up under the care of his uncle Abu Talib. He later worked mostly as a merchant, as well as a shepherd, and was first married by age 25. Discontented with life in Mecca, he retreated to a cave in the surrounding mountains for meditation and reflection. According to Islamic beliefs it was here, at age 40, in the month of Ramadan, where he received his first revelation from God. Three years after this event Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "surrender" to Him (lit. islām) is the only way (dīn) acceptable to God, and that he himself was a prophet and messenger of God, in the same vein as other Islamic prophets.
Muhammad gained few followers early on, and was met with hostility from some Meccan tribes; he and his followers were treated harshly. To escape persecution, Muhammad sent some of his followers to Abyssinia before he and his remaining followers in Mecca migrated to Medina (then known as Yathrib) in the year 622. This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, which is also known as the Hijri Calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united some of the tribes, but failed to resolve conflicts with the Jewish tribes of the city. Instead Muhammad expelled the Banu Qaynuqa  and the Banu Nadir, and annihilated the Banu Qurayza (the males were executed and the women and children were enslaved). After eight years of fighting with the Meccan tribes, his followers, who by then had grown to 10,000, conquered Mecca. Muhammad destroyed the symbols of Paganism in Mecca and then sent his followers out to destroy all of the remaining pagan temples throughout Eastern Arabia . The last city to hold out against Muhammad in Eastern Arabia was Taif, Muhammad refused to accept the surrender of the city until they agreed to convert to Islam and let Muhammad’s men destroy their statue of their Goddess Allat.
In 632, a few months after returning to Medina from his Farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam, and he had united the tribes of Arabia into a single Muslim religious polity.
The revelations (or Ayah, lit. "Signs [of God]")—which Muhammad reported receiving until his death—form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the “Word of God” and around which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad’s life (sira) and traditions (sunnah) are also upheld by Muslims. They discuss Muhammad and other prophets of Islam with reverence, adding the phrase peace be upon him whenever their names are mentioned. While conceptions of Muhammad in medieval Christendom and premodern times were largely negative, appraisals in modern history have been far less so. His life and deeds have been debated and criticized by followers and opponents over the centuries.